This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for. Spirillum minus has never been grown in culture but, because both are causative. Rat bite fever resembling rheumatoid arthritis epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and reporting of ratbite fever rbf caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. Rat bite fever is a human illness that can be caused by two different bacteria, streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus. Dec 08, 2019 streptobacillus moniliformis is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the only reported bacteria that causes rbf in north america streptobacillary rbf spirillum minus, common in asia spirillary rbf, also known as sodoku people typically become infected with these bacteria after contact with rodents. If there is no clear bite history, the diagnosis is difficult or may not be made. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the only species in the genus, is a pleomorphic gramnegative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, nonencapsulated microaerophilic bacillus. Other articles where streptobacillus moniliformis is discussed. Infection caused by streptobacillus moniliformis report.
Rbf is a rare zoonosis caused by s moniliformis, a small fastidious pleomorphic gram negative bacillus. Learn streptobacillus with free interactive flashcards. Streptobacillus moniliformis synonym or cross reference. Streptobacillus moniliformis seems to be cosmopolitan, and streptobacillary rat bite fever has been documented on most. Our first job is to listen to and observe what our customers need, and meet those needs with quality products and services. The causative organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever, streptobacillus moniliformis, has been implicated in only ten reported cases of bacterial endocarditis. For almost a century, streptobacillus moniliformis represented a monotypic species within the genus streptobacillus streptobacillus. Phylogenetic and comparative genomics of the family. Although the genus streptobacillus was described in the 1920s, taxonomically it. A case of streptobacillus moniliformis infection with. Streptobacillus sometimes exhibits a fried egg appearance with a dense center that penetrates agar. Comprehensive genomic studies in members of this family have so far not been carried out.
Streptobacillus moniliformis an overview sciencedirect. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the only reported bacteria that causes rbf in north america streptobacillary rbf. Noah roy pilsworth public health laboratory service communicable disease surveillance centre, colindale, london, united kingdon a large outbreak of streptobacillary fever, confirmed by the isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from blood culture, affected 304 people, 43% of the total population of. Nov 19, 2015 rat bite fever is a relatively rare infectious disease due to infection with streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus mainly via directs bite by rats, mice, or other rodents. Spirillum minus has never been grown in culture but, because both are causative agents of ratbite fever, these. Symptoms of the streptobacillary form include fever, rash, and arthralgias. August 20 rat importance rat bite fever is a human illness that can be caused by two different bacteria. Ratbite fever is caused by either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus.
He was treated with ceftriaxone 2gday iv for 3 weeks, gentamicin. Common in wild and pet rats, rare in laboratory rats, laboratory mice, and wild mice. The incidence of ratbite fever is highest in urban areas with poor sanitation where the rat population is high, however in recent times cases have also been attributed to occupational contact with rodents such as pet shop employees or laboratory workers or through pet. A phylogenetic tree containing all available 16s rrna sequences was constructed from a multiple sequence alignment with the neighborjoining. We present a lady with past history of osteoarthritis developing streptobacillary septic arthritides of the right knee and left wrist, and required antibiotic and. Ratbite fever rbf is an infectious disease caused by two different bacteria. Streptobacillus species streptobacillus moniliformis name homonyms streptobacillus moniliformis levaditi et al. Streptobacillus moniliformis was identified as etiologic agent of arthritis utilizing a 16s rdna molecular kit in our clinical laboratory. Isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a. Colonies on horse or sheep blood agar are nonhemolytic. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, gramvariable bacillus often seen in chains and as long unbranched filaments. Epidemiologic notes and reports ratbite fever in a college. Although the morphology of the organism is dependent on the age of the culture and growth conditions, it characteristically appears as long filamentous organisms with fusiform swellings. Streptobacillus moniliformis rat bite fever infectious.
It is a common commensal of the nasopharynx of rodents, and sometimes causes epizootic disease in mice and rats, resulting in otitis media, multiple arthritis and swelling of the feet and legs. Streptobacillus moniliformis johns hopkins abx guide. Streptobacillus definition of streptobacillus by merriam. Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a rheumatoid. Isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood. Streptobacillus moniliformis haverhill fever, rat bite fever. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a nonmotile, gramnegative rodshaped bacterium that is a member of the family leptotrichiaceae. Unfortunately, its nonspecific initial presentation combined with difficulties in culturing its causative organism produces a significant risk of delay or failure in diagnosis.
The genus streptobacillus is presently represented by one species, streptobacillus moniliformis, the etiologic agent of ratbite fever and haverill fever. A large outbreak of streptobacillary fever, confirmed by the isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from blood culture, affected 304 people, 43% of the total population of 700 in a boarding school. Rat bite fever is a zoonosis caused by either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus 1,3. Ratbite fever is a systemic illness classically characterized by relapsing fever, rigors, rash on extremities and migratory polyarthralgias.
Although it is more commonly reported to cause ratbite fever with reactive arthritides, it can also lead to pyogenic infection of the joints. Pdf rat bite fever streptobacillus moniliformis infection. Summary rat bite fever, caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness classically characterized by fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias. Streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus clinical gate. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a zoonotic agent associated with rodent contacts. Jun 11, 2007 streptobacillus moniliformis is a zoonotic agent associated with rodent contacts. Arb using the arb neighbourjoining tool without the use. Lipman, wim gaastra faculty of veterinary medicine, utrecht university, yalelaan 2, 3584 cm utrecht, the netherlands received 17 august 2007. Human infections result either from rodent bites rat bite fever or contaminated milk or other foods haverhill fever. Rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis in a. The spirillary form causes relapsing fever, rash, and regional lymphadenitis. With the increasing of human contacts with rat as pet, this method would appear suitable to identify fastidious gramnegative rod involved in arthritis specially when the clinical context is not evocative. Streptobacillus moniliformis is one of the causes of rat bite fever in man, the other being spirillum minus see p.
Streptobacillus moniliformis is a gramnegative bacillus that requires media containing blood, serum, or ascites fluid as well as incubation under carbon dioxide co 2 for isolation from clinical specimens. Streptobacillus moniliformis was previously known as haverhilia multiformis, named after the epidemic of rat bite fever that occurred in haverhill, massachusetts in 1926. Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis volume 12. Although it is more commonly reported to cause ratbite fever with reactive arthritides, it can also lead to. He was treated with ceftriaxone 2gday iv for 3 weeks, gentamicin 120 mgday iv for 2 weeks and penicillin 24. Rats that are carriers have no symptoms but can effectively transmit the infection by bite or through infected body fluids such as urine. To atcc valued customers, atcc stands ready to support our customers needs during the coronavirus pandemic. Ratbite fever streptobacillus moniliformis, sodoku, spirillum minor. People typically become infected with these bacteria after contact with rodents carrying the bacteria. Infection due to streptobacillus moniliformis is often characterized by fever, a migrating polyarthritis, a skin rash and a relapsing course.
Streptobacillus moniliformis is the causative agent of rat bite fever, with endocarditis being a rare but welldocumented complication. Streptobacillus moniliformis strain atcc 14647 dsm 12112. Rat bite fever rbf is a rarely diagnosed, systemic illness caused by infection with streptobacillus moniliformis, streptobacillus notomytis, or spirillum minus. Rat bite fever and streptobacillus moniliformis clinical. Rat bite fever streptobacillus moniliformis infection. Approved and novel strategies in diagnostics of rat bite fever and. Streptobacillus definition of streptobacillus by medical. Streptobacillary fever, streptobacillosis epidemic arthritic erythema, haverhill fever, streptobacilliosis spirillum minus infection. Epidemics have been associated with ingestion of unpasteurized milk contaminated by s.
We report the case of an hivpositive man who acquired s. Its name comes from the greek word streptos for curved or twisted, and the latin words bacillus meaning small rod and moniliformis for necklace. The leptotrichiaceae are a family of fairly unnoticed bacteria containing both microbiota on mucous membranes as well as significant pathogens such as streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever. Rat bite fever is a relatively rare infectious disease due to either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus 15. Spirillum minus, common in asia spirillary rbf, also known as sodoku.
Its name comes from the greek word streptos for curved or twisted, and the latin words bacillus meaning small rod and moniliformis for. Streptobacillary ratbite fever is caused by the pleomorphic gramnegative bacillus s. We present a lady with past history of osteoarthritis developing streptobacillary septic arthritides of the right knee and left wrist, and required. Raw milk initially appeared to be the vehicle of infection, but detailed epidemiological investigation showed significant statistical associations between the.
Streptobacillus moniliformis as the causative agent in spondylodiscitis and psoas. Streptobacillus bacerial genus microbiology dictionary. It is a rare disease and can be caused by two kinds of bacteria namely spirillum minus and streptobacillus moniliformis. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. The incidence of ratbite fever is highest in urban areas with poor sanitation where the rat population is high, however in recent times cases have also been attributed to occupational contact with rodents such as pet shop employees or laboratory workers or through pet ownership. Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis in an hivpositive. If left untreated, it carries a mortality rate of 10%. For matrixassisted laser desorption ionization timeof flight mass spectrometry. Fabrication of nanopatterns on silicon surface by combining afmbased. Choose from 15 different sets of streptobacillus flashcards on quizlet. Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis volume 12, number. After 18 weeks of antimicrobial therapy, the clinical condition of the patient improved. Pdf life without a wall or division machine in bacillus.
People typically become infected with these bacteria after contact with rodents carrying the. Rat bite fever is caused by either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minor. Streptobacilliosis, streptobacillary fever, haverhill fever, epidemic arthritic erythema, and rat bite fever 14, known as sodoku in japan. This organism causes ratbite fever and haverhill fever in humans. Rat bite fever is a human illness that can be caused by two different bacteria. Molecular diagnosis of arthritis due to streptobacillus. It presents as an acute or chronic illness with polyarthritis in states such as sepsis and bacteremia. This is an unusual circumstance, since most laboratory rat bites are believed to be harmless.
Although the morphology of the organism is dependent on the age of the culture and growth conditions, it characteristically appears as long filamentous organisms with fusiform. Its name comes from the greek word streptos for curved or twisted, and the latin words bacillus meaning small rod. Streptobacillus moniliformis, spirillum minus, zoonosis, rat bite fever. Epidemiologic notes and reports ratbite fever in a. Streptobacillus moniliformis definition of streptobacillus. Life without a wall or division machine in bacillus subtilis.
Streptobacillus moniliformis is the causative agent of rats bite fever, with endocarditis being a rare but welldocumented complication. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a pleomorphic gramnegative bacillus that colonizes the commensal. The organism does not form spores, and is thought to have no significant environmental persistence, so normal environmental decontamination procedures should serve to remove s. Unfortunately, its nonspecific initial presentation combined with difficulties in culturing its causative organism produces a significant risk of. The organisms are found in the throat and nasopharynx of wild and laboratory rats, and they may cause ratbite fever in humans. It is found in the nasopharynx and oropharynx of wild and laboratory rats. We report a case of streptobacillus moniliformis spondylodiscitis accompanied by a psoas abscess in an 80yearold man scratched by a rooster. Streptobacillus definition is any of a genus streptobacillus of nonmotile gramnegative rodshaped bacteria in which the individual cells are often joined in a chain.
Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis to the editor. Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis in an hiv. Pdf rat bite fever and streptobacillus moniliformis. Streptobacillus moniliformis charles river laboratories.
Streptobacillus moniliformis as the causative agent in. The lancet outbreak of fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis marianb. Aug 25, 2016 streptobacillus moniliformis is a gramnegative bacillus that requires media containing blood, serum, or ascites fluid as well as incubation under carbon dioxide co 2 for isolation from clinical specimens. A 72yearold asian female with rheumatoid arthritis was admitted for high grade fever and walking difficulty with severe lumbago. Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a rheumatoid arthritis. Streptobacillus moniliformis strain atcc 14647 dsm. Dogs as vectors of streptobacillus moniliformis infection. Rat bite fever occurs due to a direct bite by an infected andor colonized rat, mouse, or other rodent or via intake of contaminated food or milk. The purpose of this report is to record the case of a physician who was infected with streptobacillus moniliformis following the bite of a laboratory rat. Streptobacillus moniliformis is not routinely reported to public health authorities in most jurisdictions, and hence the true incidence rate is unknown. Rat bite fever, caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness classically characterized by fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias. Rat bite fever the center for food security and public health.
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